Blockchain & CBDC
PQC ledger + native ML-DSA signature
FPGA signs each transaction, CPU handles consensus, GPU accelerates mempool verification.
FPGA
Transaction signature
Workloads
- ▸ ML-DSA-87 per TX
- ▸ Hardware Merkle tree
- ▸ Rollup proof
Performance
50 k signatures / s
CPU
Consensus + RTGS
Workloads
- ▸ HotStuff BFT
- ▸ TARGET2 bridge
- ▸ On-chain KYC/AML
Performance
Finality < 1 s
GPU
Bulk verification
Workloads
- ▸ Parallel ML-DSA verification
- ▸ ZK proofs (Plonky2)
- ▸ Sybil detection
Performance
500 k verif / s
Multi-agent scenario
A CBDC transaction is issued: FPGA signs in ML-DSA-87, GPU verifies block signatures in parallel, CPU finalizes HotStuff consensus and confirms in <1 s.